Why does my Herpes keep coming back?

Unfortunately, once you catch Herpes, there’s no getting rid of it. However, research has revealed what causes recurrence of the virus and could lead to new methods of prevention.

One scientific study identifies the chemical processes within the body that reactivate the virus, leading to flare ups. This knowledge could contribute to future studies and the development of treatments for Herpes.

But before exploring the findings, we must first understand what Herpes is.

If you’re trying to understand recurring outbreaks, reduce flare-ups, or decide whether to get tested or treated, it helps to know how this sexually transmitted infection spreads, what symptoms outbreaks cause, why recurrences happen, and what prevention and testing options are available.

There are two types of Herpes: HSV-1 (often called Oral Herpes) which appears around the mouth as cold sores, and HSV-2 (often called Genital Herpes) which appears similarly but in the genital area.

The first symptoms of a Herpes infection you’re likely to experience will be intense itching, tingling, or pain at the site of the infection – usually the genitals, mouth, or rectum. These sensations precede the appearance of small fluid filled blisters. These blisters will burst, forming sores that eventually crust over. Some people easily mistake these symptoms for other common skin conditions like pimples or razor burn.

In addition to these early symptoms, you may also experience flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, headache, fever, or swollen glands. Proper skin hygiene, cold compresses, and warm baths can help relieve the discomfort.

The good news is that while the symptoms can be painful and uncomfortable, an outbreak is typically short-lived and temporary. Cold sores are often fully healed within seven to 14 days.

How do you get Genital Herpes?

If you’re experiencing outbreak symptoms in your genital area, you probably have an HSV-2 infection. Most people get HSV-2 infection from vaginal and anal sex. You’re unlikely to get HSV-2 by receiving oral sex from an infected sexual partner or sexual partners, although this is possible. Sharing sex toys without cleaning them or applying new condoms between uses can also spread the infection.

How do you get Oral Herpes?

Unlike Genital Herpes, Oral Herpes is far more common. An Oral Herpes infection will cause symptoms in or around the mouth. These infections tend to spread through mouth-to-mouth kissing.

Your Herpes keeps coming back because the Herpes Simplex Virus stays in the nervous system after the first infection, where it can evade the immune system and reactivate later.

One fascinating study looked at what causes the infected nerve cells to manifest as recurring cold sores (usually caused by an Oral Herpes infection). Factors such as stress, illness and plenty of sun exposure are known to induce recurrence, and stress and fatigue can suppress immune function and trigger reactivation, but scientists now have a better idea of why.

They have discovered that cytokine (a type of signalling molecule that regulates and mediates the immune system) is released into the body when a person is ill, tired, stressed, experiencing hormonal fluctuations or exposed to ultraviolet light including sunlight. Cytokine then reacts with DLK (a protein within the neurons). This reaction can reactivate the Herpes virus and lead to cold sores or sores around the genitals.

Scientists believe that targeting DLK may be a good way to prevent Herpes recurrence. This new information could lead to future studies surrounding treatment for Herpes. In practice, people report outbreaks around stressful periods.

The best way to prevent flare ups for an Oral Herpes or Genital Herpes infection is through a combination of medical management and lifestyle adjustments.

One effective approach is to maintain a healthy immune system through regular exercise, a balanced diet, and sufficient rest. Stress, fatigue, and hormonal changes can lead to more outbreaks, especially with a weakened immune system.

Additionally, reducing emotional stress and anxiety levels can help minimize outbreaks, as stress can weaken the immune system and trigger herpes flare-ups in a recurrent infection. It’s also important to avoid triggers such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and overexposure to sunlight.

People with frequent outbreaks or frequent recurrences may be offered suppressive therapy, and it can significantly reduce outbreak frequency. Over time, HSV-2 causes an average of four further outbreaks in 70-90% of cases, while HSV-1 causes an average of one further outbreak in 20-50% of cases, though the frequency of herpes outbreaks generally becomes less severe and frequent overall.

While managing Herpes may require some adjustments, making smart lifestyle choices can help individuals live happy, healthy lives.

Getting tested is the only way to know for sure if your symptoms are caused by Herpes. Even if you are not displaying any symptoms, a Herpes test can be reassuring. The first infection may be more noticeable, but herpes can still be present if symptoms are mild or left untreated.

Can Herpes spread when there are no visible symptoms?

Yes, Herpes can sometimes spread when no sores or blisters are visible, which is why testing and safer sex practices are important even between outbreaks.

Should I tell a partner if I have Herpes?

It’s best to tell sexual partners before sexual contact so you can make informed decisions together about testing, protection, and avoiding sex during symptoms.

Can condoms completely prevent Herpes transmission?

Condoms can reduce the risk of transmission, but they can’t remove it completely because Herpes can affect skin that a condom doesn’t cover.

When should I avoid sexual contact during an outbreak?

You should avoid sexual contact from the first signs of tingling, itching, or pain until sores have fully healed, as this is when the risk of passing on the virus is higher.

Can Herpes affect pregnancy?

If you’re pregnant or planning a pregnancy and think you may have Herpes, speak to a healthcare professional for advice on reducing risks and managing symptoms safely.

We can arrange a confidential appointment at a sexual health clinic near you. Simply phone our team on the number at the top of the page or book online.

This article first appeared on 27/04/2021. Last updated 03/07/2026.